Coryphantha

Primary tabs

Coryphantha

Coryphantha (Engelm.) Lem., Cactées: 32. 1868, nom. cons., sec. Sánchez & al. 20221
  • 1. Sánchez, D., Vázquez-Benítez, B., Vázquez-Sánchez, Aquino, D. & Arias, S. 2022: Phylogenetic relationships in Coryphantha and implications on Pelecyphora and Escobaria (Cacteae, Cactoideae, Cactaceae). – PhytoKeys 188: 115-165. http://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.188.75739
  • =Mammillaria subsect. Glanduliferae Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844: 13. 1845 syn. sec. Sánchez & al. 20222
  • Glandulifera (Salm-Dyck) Frič in Ceskoslov. Zahradn. Listy 1924: 122. 1924, nom. illeg., syn. sec. Sánchez & al. 20222
  • 2. Sánchez, D., Vázquez-Benítez, B., Vázquez-Sánchez, Aquino, D. & Arias, S. 2022: Phylogenetic relationships in Coryphantha and implications on Pelecyphora and Escobaria (Cacteae, Cactoideae, Cactaceae). – PhytoKeys 188: 115-165. http://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.188.75739
  • 3. Sánchez, D., Vázquez-Benítez, B., Vázquez-Sánchez, Aquino, D. & Arias, S. 2022: Phylogenetic relationships in Coryphantha and implications on Pelecyphora and Escobaria (Cacteae, Cactoideae, Cactaceae). – PhytoKeys 188: 115-165. http://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.188.75739

Notes

Found as highly polyphyletic by Bárcenas & al. (2011), and as nested in Mammillaria. One core Coryphantha clade was resolved but only weakly supported as monophyletic (0.65 PP from Bayesian Inference). Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013) likewise find Coryphantha as polyphyletic, but not nested in Mammillaria, however much fewer species were sampled therein. One maximally supported group was found that also contains Neolloydia matehualensis Backeb., while other Coryphantha species were found close to Echinomastus and Escobaria.
Breslin et al. (2021) resolved three well-supported clades in the Mammilloid clade, these comprising Mammillaria s.s., Cochemiea and Coryphantha. Escobaria was nested within Coryphantha, although more taxon sampling is needed in the clade before completely understanding generic limits in the Coryphantha clade. Breslin et al. (2021) expanded Cochemiea to include Neolloydia, Ortegocactus and other species traditionally recognized as Mammillaria s.l. in that clade. See also notes under Mammillaria.A,B,C,D
Sánchez et al. (2022) studied relationships in Escobaria, Coryphantha and Pelecyphora based on a more representative sampling, especially including the Mexican species. They found a highly supported Coryphantha and another highly supported clade containing Pelecyphora, Escobaria and Coryphantha macromeris. Their study provided a well supported framework for a monophyletic Coryphantha and support the recognition of Coryphantha as well as Pelecyphora in a new circumscription including Escobaria as separate genera.E,F

Systematics

Coryphantha subgen. Coryphantha

Coryphantha sect. Corniferae (Dicht & A.Lüthy) Dan.Sánchez & D.Aquino in PhytoKeys 188: 145. 2022

Coryphantha ser. Corniferae Dicht & A.Lüthy, Coryphantha. Kakteen Nordamer. 91. 2003. ≡ Coryphantha subser. Corniferae Dicht & A.Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 19. 2001.
Type: Coryphantha cornifera (DC.) Lem., Cactées 35. 1868.

Coryphantha sect. Gracilicoryphantha Dicht & A.Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 21, 2001.
Type: Coryphantha gracilis Bremer & A.B.Lau in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 49: 72. 1977.

Coryphantha subser. Delaetianae Dicht & A.Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 20. 2001.
Type: Coryphantha delaetiana (Quehl) A.Berger, Kakteen: 270, 339. 1929.

Coryphantha subser. Neglectae Dicht & A.Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 20. 2001.
Type: Coryphantha neglecta L.Bremer in Cact. Suc. Mex. 24: 3. 1979.

Species included: Coryphantha compacta (Engelm.) Orcutt, C. cornifera (DC.) Lem., C. delaetiana (Quehl) A.Berger, C. delicata L.Bremer, C. gracilis L. Bremer & A.B.Lau, C. hintoniorum Dicht & A.Lüthy, C. hintoniorum subsp. geofreyii Dicht & A.Lüthy, C. maiz-tablasensis Backeb., C. neglecta L.Bremer, C. nickelsiae (K.Brandegee) Britton & Rose, C. pseudoechinus Boed., C. pseudonickelsiae Backeb., C. pulleineana (Backeb.) Glass, C. ramillosa Cutak, C. ramillosa subsp. santa-rosa Dicht & A.Lüthy C. recurvata (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, C. recurvata subsp. canatlanensis Dicht & A.Lüthy.

Coryphantha sect. Coryphantha

Coryphantha ser. Salinenses Dicht & A.Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 15. 2001.

Type: Coryphantha salinensis (Poselg.) Dicht & A.Lüthy in Kakteen And. Sukk.49: 257.
Type: Coryphantha sulcata (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 48. 1923.

Species included: Coryphantha difficilis (Quehl) Orcutt, C. echinus (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, C. kracikii Halda, Chalupa & Kupčák, C. salinensis (Poselg.) Dicht & A.Lüthy, C. sulcata (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, C. werdermannii Boed.

Coryphantha sect. Durangenses Dan.Sánchez & D.Aquino in PhytoKeys 188: 147. 2022
Type: Coryphantha durangensis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 42. 1923.

Species included: Coryphantha durangensis (Runge ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, C. durangensis subsp. cuencamensis (L.Bremer) Dicht & A.Lüthy, C. longicornis Boed.

Coryphantha sect. Pycnacanthae (Dicht & A.Lüthy) Dan.Sánchez & D.Aquino in PhytoKeys 188: 147. 2022

Coryphantha ser. Retusae Dicht & A.Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 14. 2001
Type: Coryphantha retusa (Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 38. 1923.
Coryphantha ser. Pycnacanthae Dicht & A.Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 15. 2001.
Type: Coryphantha pycnacantha (Mart.) Lem., Cactées: 35. 1868.

Species included: Coryphantha bumamma (C.Ehrenb.) Britton & Rose, C. calipensis Bravo ex S.Arias, U.Guzmán & S.Gama, C. elephantidens (Lem.) Lem., C. greenwoodii Bravo, C. pallida Britton & Rose, C. pseudoradians Bravo, C. pycnacantha (Mart.) Lem., C. retusa (Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose, C. tripugionacantha A.B.Lau.

Coryphantha sect. Robustispina Dicht & A.Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 9. 2001.
Type: Coryphantha robustispina (Ant.Schott ex Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 33. 1923.

Species included: Coryphantha robustispina (Ant.Schott ex Engelm.) Britton & Rose, C. robustispina subsp. scheeri (Lem.) N.P. Taylor, and C. poselgeriana (A.Dietr.) Britton & Rose.

Coryphantha subgen. Neocoryphantha Backeb. ex Dicht & A. Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 8, 2001.
Type: Coryphantha clavata (Scheidw.) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 61. 1942.

Coryphantha sect. Clavatae (Dicht & A. Lüthy) Dan.Sánchez & D.Aquino in PhytoKeys 188: 147. 2022

Coryphantha ser. Clavatae Dicht & A.Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 11. 2001.
Type: Coryphantha clavata (Scheidw.) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 61. 1942.

Coryphantha sect. Ottonis Dicht & A.Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 13. 2001.
Type: Coryphantha ottonis (Pfeiff.) Lem., Cactées: 34. 1868

Species included: Coryphantha clavata (Scheidw.) Backeb., C. clavata subsp. stipitate (Scheidw.) Dicht & A.Lüthy, C. erecta (Lem.) Lem., C. georgii Boed., C. glassii Dicht & A.Lüthy, C. jalpanensis Buchenau, C. octacantha (DC.) Britton & Rose, C. ottonis (Pfeiff.) Lem., C. potosiana (Jacobi) Glass & R.A.Foster, C. vogterriana Werderm. & Boed.

Coryphantha sect. Echinoideae (Dicht & A. Lüthy) Dan.Sánchez & D.Aquino in PhytoKeys 188: 148. 2022
Coryphantha ser. Echinoideae Dicht & A.Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 10. 2001.
Type: Coryphantha echinoidea Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 30. 1923.

Species included: Coryphantha echinoidea (Quehl) Britton & Rose, C. glanduligera (Otto & A.Dietr.) Lem., C. vaupeliana Boed., and C. wolhschlageri Holzeis.F

Taxon standing

Category A. The genus is monophyletic based on a complete or very comprehensive phylogenetic study, and a phylogeny-based taxonomic synopsis was published.F

Acknowledgments

Revised by Lucas C. Majure

Bibliography

A. Breslin, P.B., Wojciechowski, M.F. & Majure, L.C. 2021: Molecular phylogeny of the Mammilloid clade (Cactaceae) resolves the monophyly of Mammillaria. – Taxon 70(2): 308-323. http://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12451
B. Bárcenas, R.T., Yesson, C. & Hawkins, J. A. 2011: Molecular systematics of the Cactaceae. – Cladistics 27: 1-20. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00350.x
C. Majure, L.C. 2021: Revisions of Cochemiea, Consolea, Coryphantha, Cylindropuntia, Cumarinia, Grusonia, Kroenleinia, Leptocereus, Melocactus, Micropuntia, Opuntia. – In: Korotkova N. & al., Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org – a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family. – Willdenowia 51: 251-270. http://doi.org/10.3372/wi.51.51208
D. Vázquez-Sánchez, Terrazas, T., Arias, S. & Ochoterena, H. 2013: Molecular phylogeny, origin and taxonomic implications of the tribe Cacteae (Cactaceae). – Systematics and Biodiversity 11(1): 103-116. http://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2013.775191
E. Sánchez, D., Aquino, D., Arias, S. & Korotkova, N. 2022: Updates to the Cactaceae species-level checklist for the genera Coryphantha, Escobaria, and Pelecyphora. – Published online at https://caryophyllales.org/cactaceae/Checklist.
F. Sánchez, D., Vázquez-Benítez, B., Vázquez-Sánchez, Aquino, D. & Arias, S. 2022: Phylogenetic relationships in Coryphantha and implications on Pelecyphora and Escobaria (Cacteae, Cactoideae, Cactaceae). – PhytoKeys 188: 115-165. http://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.188.75739