Nepenthes stenophylla

Nepenthes stenophylla

Synonymy

Nepenthes stenophylla Mast. in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 8: 240. 1890 sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381982
      Lectotype: Borneo, J. Veitch & Sons s.n. (K); Epitypes: Borneo, Sarawak, 2nd Summit Bukit Lawi, alt. 1840 m, 17 Aug 1985, Awa & Lee S 50879 (K designated by Cheek & Jebb 20011, KEP designated by Cheek & Jebb 20011, L designated by Cheek & Jebb 20011, SAN designated by Cheek & Jebb 20011, SAR designated by Cheek & Jebb 20011)
  • 1. Cheek, M. R. & Jebb, M. H. P. 2001: Flora Malesiana - Nepenthaceae, Series I, Volume 15. – Leiden: Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch
  • =Nepenthes boschiana var. lowii Hook.f. in de Candolle, Prodr. 17: 98. 1873 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001302530
  • ≡Nepenthes maxima var. lowii (Hook.f.) Becc., Malesia 3: 3, 10. 1886, syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001302578
      • Unknown type category: Sarawak, H. Low s.n. (K)
  • =Nepenthes fallax Beck in Wiener Ill. Gart.-Zeitung 20: 191. 1895 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381910
      • Unknown type category: Borneo, H. Low s.n. (W)
  • =Nepenthes sandakanensis J.H.Adam & Wilcock in Sarawak Mus. J. 50: 156, f. XXIIc. 1998 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001: syn. nov. wfo-0000381454
      • Holotype: Borneo, Sabah, Ranau, Lombong Tembaga Mamut, alt. 1400 m, 22 Sep 1987, Jumaat 2298 (UKMS; isotypes: ABD, SNP)
  • =Nepenthes sandakanensis var. eglandulosa J.H.Adam & Wilcock in Sarawak Mus. J. 50: 158. 1998 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001302629
      • Holotype: Borneo, Mt Tawai, alt. 3000 ft, 19 Jun 1965, Meijer SAN 44442 (SAN)
  • =Nepenthes sandakanensis var. ferruginea J.H.Adam & Wilcock in Sarawak Mus. J. 50: 158. 1998 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001302630
      • Holotype: Borneo, Sabah, Telupid, Bukit Tawai, alt. 1020 – 1200 m, 26 Feb 1982, Jumaat 1151 (UKMS)
  • –Nepenthes fusca subsp. apoensis J.H.Adam & Wilcock ex Jebb & Cheek in Blumea 42(1): 82. 1997, nom. nud. syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001302548
  • –Nepenthes fusca var. apoensis J.H.Adam & Wilcock ex Cheek & Jebb, Flora Malesiana - Nepenthaceae, Series I, Volume 15. 2001, nom. inval. syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001302550
      • Holotype: Borneo, Sarawak, Baram Dist., Kelabit Highlands, Apo Dari, alt. 1550 m, 17 Nov 1974, Chai S 35939 (K)

Content

Other sources

Kurata, S. 1976: Nepenthes of Mt Kinabalu, Sabah. – Sabah National Parks Trustees, Kota Kinabalu
Phillipps, A. & Lamb, A.L. 1996: Pitcher Plants of Borneo. 136, f. 73
Danser, B. H. 1928: – Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 9. 376, f. 22
Jebb, M. H. P. & Cheek, M. R. 1997: A skeletal revision of Nepenthes. – Blumea 42(1): 1-106. p 82
Clarke, C. M. 1997: Nepenthes of Borneo. – Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications. 127, f. 87 & 88

Description

Terrestrial climber (sometimes epiphytic?) to 10 m tall. Stem terete (less usually ridged or winged), 6-11 mm diam. Leaves coriaceous, petiolate (indistinctly so in rosette leaves); leaf blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, (8.5-)15-23 by (3.5-)4-9 cm, apex rounded or acute, rarely peltate, base obtuse to decurrent; petiole 4-7.5 cm long, canaliculate, sheathed at base, less usually decurrent with two wings 1-2 mm wide descending as curved ridges to the internode below. Longitudinal nerves 2 or 3 on each side of the midrib in the outer 1/4, inconspicuous. Pennate nerves numerous, indistinct. Lower pitchers rarely collected, cylindrical, slightly waisted and narrowing c. 2/3 from the base, 10-18 by 3-4 cm, with two fringed wings 6 mm wide, fringed elements 4-6 mm long, 2-4 mm apart; mouth ovate, oblique, concave, rising to the vertical at the rear, forming a short column; peristome cylindrical, rarely slightly flattened, 2-3 mm broad in front, 3-5 mm broad near the lid, ribs 0.2-0.3 mm apart, with a conspicuous gland between each rib, outer margin entire, inner edge obscurely dentate, teeth 0.5 mm long; lid ovate to circular, 3-5 cm diam., apex rounded, base cordate, lower surface with a laterally flattened, semicircular basal appendage, apical appendage absent; nectar glands scattered throughout, orbicular, narrowly bordered, 0.1-0.15 mm diam., a few larger glands 0.2-0.4 mm diam. near margin and on appendage and often in a small aggregation near the apex; spur 5-15 mm long, unbranched. Upper pitchers as the lower, but cylindrical to very narrowly infundibuliform, 15-25 by 3-6 (-7.5) cm, wings reduced to ridges but often with scattered fringed elements 4.5 mm long; peristome 2-3 mm broad and slightly raised in front, 4-7(-9) mm broad at rear, ribs 0.2-0.5 mm apart, teeth 0.5 mm long, outer edge entire, rarely slightly sinuate; lid orbicular, usually slightly broader than long, 3-5.5(-8) by 5-6(-7.5) cm, apex slightly retuse or rounded, base cordate; basal appendage semi-orbicular, 3-8 by 3-5 mm high, nectar glands orbicular, thinly to thickly bordered, 0.2-0.35(-0.5) mm diam. Male inflorescence 18.5-35 cm long; peduncle 10-11 cm long; partial peduncles to c. 140 (male), 2-flowered, 5 mm long; bracts absent; pedicels 3-8 mm long; tepals elliptic 4-5 by 1.5-3 mm; androphore 5 mm long; anther head 1-1.5 by 1-1.5 mm. Fruit valves 18-35 mm long. Seed fusiform, 8-18 mm long, central body tuberculate. Indumentum coppery hirsute, of dense short, branched hairs c. 0.5 mm long mixed with scattered long simple hairs 2-3(-4) mm long, on stems (glabrescent), petioles, tendrils and pitchers; lower surface of leaf with only scattered simple hairs 2-3 mm long; pitcher lid appendage and adjacent surface puberulent. Colour of outer pitcher and lid cream to yellow to pale green, splashed with red; peristome yellowish with dark red stripes. Lower leaf blade drying dark brown.A

Notes

Nepenthes stenophylla is distinguishable from other Bornean allies of N. maxima by the lid which is more or less orbicular, with a cordate base, and the semi-circular crest near the base of the lid. The majority of the lid glands are small (0.1-0.15 mm) and dispersed throughout the underside of the lid, but scattered among these are a few larger (0.2-0.4 mm), prominently lipped glands, which are present near the margin and on the basal crest, and often in a small aggregation near the apex. The peristome lacks teeth along its inner margin, although a conspicuous gland is present between each rib. Nepenthes pilosa is apparently closely related to N. stenophylla (for differences see there) but is especially similar to N. faizaliana (see there also).
At Kew there is a specimen from Veitch & Sons annotated in Masters handwriting “N. stenophylla Masters Type specimen! Presented 1890.” It can be argued that since this, the type specimen, has only intermediate and not upper pitchers, there is ambiguity as to the species involved. However, a plate published a few years later of older plants of the same origin showed the distinctive upper pitchers, removing this doubt, as far as we are concerned. Not all agree, and J.H. Adam & Wilcock in Sarawak Mus. J. 50 (1998) 156 imply that the type of N. stenophylla is specifically different from the taxon usually referred to under this name, since they cite N. stenophylla sensu Danser in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg III, 9 (1928) as a synonym of their newly described N. sandakanensis. Clearly, it is undesirable to change the name of this well-known and common montane species. In order to buttress the application of the name N. stenophylla to this species, we therefore here propose the epitype nominated above which has the virtue of being available in several herbaria, fertile, and representative of this common ridge-top species in northern Sarawak and Sabah.A

Hybrids

A hybrid with N. lowii (see there) has been reported from Sabah and Brunei. Hybrids with N. veitchii are reported to be relatively common in heath forest in NW Borneo (Clarke in Nepenthes of Borneo (1997) 162).B

Distribution (General)

Borneo: Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, and Kalimantan.A

Habitat

Open bushy areas or montane forest, usually on ridge tops, usually on sandstone; sometimes in heath forest; 1000-2600 m.A

Bibliography

A. Cheek, M. R. & Jebb, M. H. P. 2001: Flora Malesiana - Nepenthaceae, Series I, Volume 15. – Leiden: Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch
B. Clarke, C. M. 1997: Nepenthes of Borneo. – Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications. p 162

Specimens

CountryDateCollector + collecting numberHerbariaTypeScanDerivatives
19 Jun 1965Meijer SAN 44442SAN
Citation: Borneo, Mt Tawai, alt. 3000 ft, 19 Jun 1965, Meijer SAN 44442

Specimen summary: SAN
Holotype of Nepenthes sandakanensis var. eglandulosa J.H.Adam & Wilcock

17 Nov 1974Chai S 35939K
Citation: Borneo, Sarawak, Baram Dist., Kelabit Highlands, Apo Dari, alt. 1550 m, 17 Nov 1974, Chai S 35939

Specimen summary: K
Holotype of Nepenthes fusca var. apoensis J.H.Adam & Wilcock ex Cheek & Jebb

26 Feb 1982Jumaat 1151UKMS
Citation: Borneo, Sabah, Telupid, Bukit Tawai, alt. 1020 – 1200 m, 26 Feb 1982, Jumaat 1151

Specimen summary: UKMS
Holotype of Nepenthes sandakanensis var. ferruginea J.H.Adam & Wilcock

17 Aug 1985Awa & Lee S 50879K, KEP, L, SAN, SAR
Citation: Borneo, Sarawak, 2nd Summit Bukit Lawi, alt. 1840 m, 17 Aug 1985, Awa & Lee S 50879

Specimen summary: K
Epitype of Nepenthes stenophylla Mast.

Specimen summary: KEP
Epitype of Nepenthes stenophylla Mast.

Specimen summary: L
Epitype of Nepenthes stenophylla Mast.

Specimen summary: SAN
Epitype of Nepenthes stenophylla Mast.

Specimen summary: SAR
Epitype of Nepenthes stenophylla Mast.

22 Sep 1987Jumaat 2298ABD, SNP, UKMS
Citation: Borneo, Sabah, Ranau, Lombong Tembaga Mamut, alt. 1400 m, 22 Sep 1987, Jumaat 2298

Specimen summary: ABD
Isotype of Nepenthes sandakanensis J.H.Adam & Wilcock

Specimen summary: SNP
Isotype of Nepenthes sandakanensis J.H.Adam & Wilcock

Specimen summary: UKMS
Holotype of Nepenthes sandakanensis J.H.Adam & Wilcock

BorneoJ.Veitch & Sons s.n.K
Citation: Borneo, J. Veitch & Sons s.n.

Specimen summary: K
Lectotype of Nepenthes stenophylla Mast.

Low, H. s.n.K
Citation: Sarawak, H. Low s.n.

Specimen summary: K
Unknown type category of Nepenthes maxima var. lowii (Hook.f.) Becc. Nepenthes boschiana var. lowii Hook.f.

Low, H. s.n.W
Citation: Borneo, H. Low s.n.

Specimen summary: W
Unknown type category of Nepenthes fallax Beck