Silene
Silene, Sp. Pl.: 416. 1753, nom. cons. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 20151
- ≡Kaleria, Fam. Pl. 2: 506. 1763 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 20151
- ≡Corone, Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 422. 1840 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 20151
- ≡Oncerum, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 255. 1867 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 20151
- Type: Silene anglica, nom. rej.
- 1. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Coronaria in Mem. Hist. Acad. R. Sci. Par.: 229. 1750 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 20152
- Type: Coronaria tomentosa
- 2. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Cucubalus, Sp. Pl.: 414. 1753 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 20153
- ≡Scribaea in Rhein. Mag. Erweit. Naturk. 1: 591. 1793 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 20153
- Type: Cucubalus baccifer
- 3. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Lychnis, Sp. Pl.: 436. 1753 syn. sec. Kew 20194
- Type: Lychnis chalcedonica
- =Viscago, Cat. Pl. Gott.: 188. 1757, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 20155
- 5. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301, 6. Jafari, F., Zarre, S., Gholipour, A., Eggens, F., Rabeler, R. K. & Oxelman, B. 2020: A new taxonomic backbone for the infrageneric classification of the species-rich genus Silene (Caryophyllaceae). – Taxon 69(2): 337-368 https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12230, 7. Britton, N. L. & Brown 1913: Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2, 2
- =Oberna, Fam. Pl. 2: 255. 1763 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 20158
- Lectotype (designated by Ikonnikov 1976: 1199): Oberna behen
- 8. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301, 9. Ikonnikov, S. S. 1976: – Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 11
- =Otites, Fam. Pl. 2: 255. 1763 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201510
- Type: Otites cuneifolius
- 10. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Lychnanthos in Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 14(1): 525. 1770 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201511
- 11. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Hedona, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 286. 1790 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201512
- Type: Hedona sinensis
- 12. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Melandrium in Deutschl. Fl. Phanerog. Gew. 2: 37, 274. 1812 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201513
- 13. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Alifiola, Autic. Bot.: 24. 1840 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201514
- Type: Alifiola dichotoma
- 14. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Ebraxis, Autic. Bot.: 29. 1840 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201515
- Type: Ebraxis virgata
- 15. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Evactoma, Autic. Bot.: 23. 1840 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201516
- Type: Evactoma stellata
- 16. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Exemix, Autic. Bot.: 27. 1840 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201517
- Type: Exemix grandiflora
- 17. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Pleconax, Autic. Bot.: 24. 1840 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201518
- 18. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Xamilenis, Autic. Bot.: 24. 1840 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201519
- Type: Xamilenis uniflora, nom. inval.
- 19. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Uebelinia in Flora 24: 664. 1841 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201520
- Type: Uebelinia abyssinica
- 20. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Silenanthe in Archiv für Naturgeschichte 18: 300. 1852 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201521
- 21. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Polyschemone in Schott, Analecta Bot.: 55. 1854 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201522
- Type: Polyschemone nivalis
- 22. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Carpophora, Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar [Klotzsch & Garcke]: 139, t. 32. 1862 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201523
- 23. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Conosilene in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, sér. 2, 16: 344. 1868 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201524
- 24. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Leptosilene in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, sér. 2, 16: 344. 1868 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201525
- Type: Silene inaperta
- 25. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Muscipula in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, sér. 2, 16: 344. 1868 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201526
- Type: Muscipula australis
- 26. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Petrosilene in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, sér. 2, 16: 344. 1868 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201527
- Type: Petrosilene saxifragum
- 27. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Petrocoma in Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7 15(2): 200. 1869 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201528
- Type: Petrocoma hoefftiana; Petrocoma hoefftiana
- 28. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Anotites in Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 97. 1904 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201529
- Type: not designated
- 29. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Gastrocalyx in Izv. Kavkazsk. Muz. 12: 200. 1919 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201530
- ≡Schischkiniella in Blumea 15: 145. 1967 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201530
- Type: Schischkiniella ampullata
- 30. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Charesia in Trudy Bot. Muz. 19: 182. 1926 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201531
- Type: Charesia akinfiewii
- 31. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Sofianthe in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 97. 2001 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201532
- 32. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
- =Neoussuria in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 34: 299. 2002 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. 201533
- 33. Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W. G., Borsch, T., von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G. & Ochoterena, H. 2015: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. – Willdenowia 45(3): 281-383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
Content
Notes
Generic delimitation has been notoriously controversial (see Oxelman & Lidén 1995 for a review). Some authors have lumped all c. 850 species of the tribe Sileneae (except Agrostemma) in Silene (e.g., Greuter 1995), whereas Tzvelev (2001) recognized 23 genera in Europe alone. Molecular evidence clearly supports separation of Agrostemma, Eudianthe, Petrocoptis, Atocion, Viscaria and Heliosperma (e.g., Oxelman & Lidén 1995; Oxelman & al. 1997, 2001; Popp & Oxelman 2004; Frajman & al. 2009a, b; Greenberg & Donoghue 2011). However, monophyly of Silene, in the sense adopted here, is only rarely supported by individual gene trees. Several studies have identified two major clades (subg. Silene and subg. Behenantha, e.g., Oxelman & Lidén 1995; Oxelman & al. 1997, 2001; Eggens & al. 2007; Erixon & Oxelman 2008; Rautenberg & al. 2012; Aydin & al. 2014), but their relationship to Lychnis is ambiguous. Section Atocion Otth, a small group of annuals from the Eastern Mediterranean appears to be blurring the picture, possibly due to highly elevated substitution rates across the genome (Z. Aydin & al., unpubl. data).A
Bibliography
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