Gisekia pharnaceoides var. pharnaceoides
- 1. Gilbert, M. G. 1993: A review of Gisekia (Gisekiaceae). – Kew Bulletin 48(2): 343-356. http://doi.org/10.2307/4117942
- =Koelreutera molluginoides in Novi Comment. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 3: 67, t. 2. f. 1. 1773 syn. sec. Gilbert 19932
- ≡Gisekia molluginoides in Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 7: 162. 1847 syn. sec. Gilbert 19932
- 2. Gilbert, M. G. 1993: A review of Gisekia (Gisekiaceae). – Kew Bulletin 48(2): 343-356. http://doi.org/10.2307/4117942
- =Pharnaceum occultum, Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 58. 1775 syn. sec. Gilbert 19933
- ≡Gisekia occulta in Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis] 6: 735. 1820 syn. sec. Gilbert 19933
- Holotype: Yemen, Lohajæ, Forsskål (C)
- 3. Gilbert, M. G. 1993: A review of Gisekia (Gisekiaceae). – Kew Bulletin 48(2): 343-356. http://doi.org/10.2307/4117942
- =Gisekia linearifolia, Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 167. 1827 syn. sec. Gilbert 1993, 4
- ≡Gisekia pharnaceoides var. linearifolia, Fl. Somal. 2: 228. 1932, nom. illeg., syn. sec. Gilbert 19934
- Holotype: GHANA: Thonning s.n. (C)
- 4. Gilbert, M. G. 1993: A review of Gisekia (Gisekiaceae). – Kew Bulletin 48(2): 343-356. http://doi.org/10.2307/4117942
- =Gisekia congesta in Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 28. 1849 syn. sec. Gilbert 19935
- ≡Gisekia pharnaceoides var. congesta, Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 594. 1871 syn. sec. Gilbert 19935
- Holotype: Senegambia, Heudelot 458 (holo. K)
- 5. Gilbert, M. G. 1993: A review of Gisekia (Gisekiaceae). – Kew Bulletin 48(2): 343-356. http://doi.org/10.2307/4117942
- =Gisekia pharnaceoides var. sieberi in Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 27. 1849 syn. sec. Gilbert 19936
- Type: SENEGAL: Sieber 63
- 6. Gilbert, M. G. 1993: A review of Gisekia (Gisekiaceae). – Kew Bulletin 48(2): 343-356. http://doi.org/10.2307/4117942
- =Gisekia rubella in Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 27. 1849 syn. sec. Gilbert 19937
- Type: SUDAN: Kotschy 2 (isotype K).
- 7. Gilbert, M. G. 1993: A review of Gisekia (Gisekiaceae). – Kew Bulletin 48(2): 343-356. http://doi.org/10.2307/4117942
- =Gisekia pharnaceoides var. pedunculata, Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 594. 1871 syn. sec. Gilbert 19938
- 8. Gilbert, M. G. 1993: A review of Gisekia (Gisekiaceae). – Kew Bulletin 48(2): 343-356. http://doi.org/10.2307/4117942
Notes
All the records from Ethiopia and many of those from East Africa are from natural habitats. The greatest morphological diversity is found within tropical Africa and immediately adjacent tropical Arabia, suggesting that G. pharnaceoides may have its origins within this region and that it spread later to southern Africa, Asia and, apparently quite recently, the New World where it is more consistently described as a weed.
Many of the more southerly records of this variety approach G. africana var. cymosa and can only be reliably separated from that species by examination of the stamens. The significance of this convergence is not clear; could var. cymosa be the product of introgression between G. africana, native to southern Africa, and var. pharnaceoides invading from the north? What does seem clear is that the division between these two widely accepted species is much more blurred than that between them and the new species described here.
Many of the more southerly records of this variety approach G. africana var. cymosa and can only be reliably separated from that species by examination of the stamens. The significance of this convergence is not clear; could var. cymosa be the product of introgression between G. africana, native to southern Africa, and var. pharnaceoides invading from the north? What does seem clear is that the division between these two widely accepted species is much more blurred than that between them and the new species described here.
Distribution (General)
Drier areas of Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes, tropical Asia from Arabia east to Indo China; introduced to the New World.