Dysphania

Dysphania

Synonymy

Dysphania R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland: 411. 1810 sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)

• Type: Dysphania littoralis R.Br.

• =Chenopodium [unranked] Orthosporum R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland: 407. 1810 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Blitum [unranked] Orthosporum (R.Br.) C.A.Mey., Fl. Alt. 1: 11. 1829 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Orthosporum (R.Br.) T.Nees, Gen. Fl. Germ. [1]: ad t. [57] [!]. 1834 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Dysphania sect. Orthospora (R.Br.) Clemants & Mosyakin in Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn. 59: 382. 2002 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• Type (designated by Scott 1978: 2141): Chenopodium pumilio R.Br.

• 1. Scott 1978: – Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 100

• =Chenopodium [unranked] Botryoides C.A.Mey., Fl. Alt. 1: 410. 1829 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Chenopodium [unranked] Botrys Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 580. 1832 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Chenopodium sect. Botrys (Rchb.) W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv: 607. 1837 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Ambrina sect. Botryois Moq., Chenop. Monogr. Enum.: 36. 1840, nom. illeg., syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Vulvaria sect. Botrys (Rchb.) Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 1: 177. 1897 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Botrys (Rchb.) Nieuwl. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 274. 1914 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Chenopodium subsect. Botrys Aellen & Iljin, Fl. URSS 6: 46. 1936 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Neobotrydium Moldenke in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 35: 330. 1946 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Chenopodium sect. Botryoides A.J.Scott in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 100: 212. 1978 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Dysphania sect. Botryoides (C.A.Mey.) Clemants & Mosyakin in Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn. 59: 383. 2002 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• Type: Neobotrydium botrys (L.) Moldenke
• Type: Ambrina botrys (L.) Moq.
• Type: Vulvaria botrys (L.) Bubani

• =Roubieva Moq. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, 1: 292. 1834 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Ambrina Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 5: 295. 1836, nom. illeg., syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Chenopodium sect. Roubieva (Moq.) Volkens, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(1a): 61. 1893 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Dysphania sect. Roubieva (Moq.) Clemants & Mosyakin in Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn. 59: 382. 2002 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• Type: Roubieva multifida (L.) Moq.
• Type: Ambrina pinnatisecta Spach

• =Botrydium Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 5: 298. 1836 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• Type (designated by Scott 1978: 2122): Botrydium aromaticum Spach

• 2. Scott 1978: – Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 100

• =Ambrina Moq., Chenop. Monogr. Enum.: 36. 1840 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Ambrina sect. Adenois Moq., Chenop. Monogr. Enum.: 39. 1840 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Chenopodium sect. Ambrina Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 3(1): 51. 1880 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Chenopodium [unranked] Ambrosioidia Standl., N. Amer. Fl. 21(1): 26. 1916 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Chenopodium subg. Ambrosia A.J.Scott in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 100: 211. 1978 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Dysphania sect. Adenois (Moq.) Clemants & Mosyakin in Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn. 59: 382. 2002 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• Type (designated by Scott 1978: 2133): Ambrina ambrosioides (L.) Spach

• 3. Scott 1978: – Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 100

• =Chenopodium [unranked] Carinata Standl., N. Amer. Fl. 21(1): 27. 1916 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• Type: Chenopodium carinatum R.Br.

• =Chenopodium [unranked] Incisa Standl., N. Amer. Fl. 21(1): 25. 1916 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• Type: Chenopodium graveolens Willd.

• =Meiomeria Standl., N. Amer. Fl. 21(1): 7. 1916 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• Type: Meiomeria stellata (S.Watson) Standl.

• =Chenopodium sect. Tetrasepala Aellen in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 63: 490. 1930 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• ≡Dysphania sect. Tetrasepalae (Aellen) A.J.Scott in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 100: 218. 1978 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• Type: Dysphania inflata (Aellen) A.J.Scott
• Type (designated by A.J.Scott 1978: 2184): Chenopodium inflatum Aellen

• 4. A.J.Scott 1978: – Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 100

• =Chenopodium sect. Margaritaria Brenan in Kew Bull. 11: 166. 1956 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• Type: Chenopodium congolanum (Hauman) Brenan

• =Chenopodium sect. Nigrescentia Aellen in Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 3. 1973 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• Type: Chenopodium burkartii (Aellen) Vorosch.

• =Dysphania sect. Caudatae A.J.Scott in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 100: 218. 1978 syn. sec. Fuentes-Bazán & al. (2012b)
• Type: Dysphania plantaginella F.Muell.

Content

• Notes

Notes

The widespread genus Dysphania comprises c. 50 species native mostly to South America (sect. Adenois), Eurasia and Africa (sect. Botryoides), and Australia (sect. Dysphania, sect. Orthospora, and sect. Tetrasepalae). Traditionally, only native Australian taxa were included in Dysphania (Scott 1978; Wilson 1983, 1984); later an expanded circumscription of the genus was proposed (Mosyakin & Clemants 2002, 2008) based on morphological evidence. Further molecular phylogenetic studies (Kadereit & al. 2003, 2010; Fuentes-Bazán & al. 2012a-b) demonstrated that Dysphania is phylogenetically distant from Chenopodium and forms the tribe Dysphanieae together with the closely related Suckleya and Teloxys. The latter was included into Dysphania based on morphology (Mosyakin & Clemants 2002, 2008; Clemants & Mosyakin 2003; Zhu & al. 2003) but should be recognized as a separate genus based on molecular results (Kadereit & al. 2010; Fuentes-Bazán & al. 2012a-b).