Silene

Silene

Synonymy

Silene L., Sp. Pl. 1: 416. 1753, nom. cons., sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)

• ≡Viscago Zinn, Cat. Pl. Gott.: 188. 1757 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• ≡Kaleria Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 506. 1763 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• ≡Corone Hoffmanns ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 422. 1840 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• ≡Oncerum Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 255. 1867 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Silene anglica L.

• =Cucubalus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 414. 1753 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• ≡Scribaea Borkh. in Rhein. Mag. 1: 591. 1793 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Cucubalus baccifer L.

• =Oberna Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 255. 1763 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• ≡Behenantha (Otth) Schur in Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 15(2): 130. 1877 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Lectotype (designated by Ikonn. 1976: 1191): Oberna behen (L.) Ikonn.

• 1. Ikonn. 1976: – Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 11

• =Otites Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 255. 1763 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Otites cuneifolius Raf.

• =Lychnanthos S.G.Gmel. in Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 14(1): 525. 1770 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)

• =Melandrium Röhl., Deutschl. Fl. (ed. 2) Phanerog. Gew. 2: 37, 274. 1812 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Melandrium dioicum (L.) Coss. & Germ.

• =Lychnis sect. Physolychnis Benth., Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts.: 80. 1834 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• ≡Lychnis [unranked] Gastrolychnis Fenzl in Endl., Gen. Pl.: 974. 1840 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• ≡Gastrolychnis (Fenzl) Rchb., Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch: 206. 1841 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• ≡Wahlbergella Fries in Bot. Not. (1843): 143. 1843 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• ≡Physolychnis Rupr. in Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 14: 41. 1869 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Lychnis apetala L.

• =Alifiola Raf., Autic. Bot.: 24. 1840 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Alifiola dichotoma Raf.

• =Ebraxis Raf., Autic. Bot.: 29. 1840 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Ebraxis virgata Raf.

• =Evactoma Raf., Autic. Bot.: 23. 1840 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Evactoma stellata (L.) Raf.

• =Pleconax Raf., Autic. Bot.: 24. 1840 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• ≡Conosilene (Rohrb.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon sér. 2, 16: 344. 1868 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)

• =Xamilenis Raf., Autic. Bot.: 24. 1840 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Xamilenis uniflora Raf.

• =Elisanthe (Fenzl) Rchb., Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch: 206. 1841 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Elisanthe noctiflora (L.) Rupr.

• =Silenanthe Griseb. & Schenk in Archiv für Naturgeschichte 18: 300. 1852 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)

• =Polyschemone Schott, Nymann & Kotschy in Schott, Analecta Bot.: 55. 1854 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Polyschemone nivalis (Kir. ex Schult.) Schott, Nymann & Kotschy

• =Carpophora Klotzsch, Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar [Klotzsch & Garcke]: 139, t. 32. 1862 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)

• =Leptosilene Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon sér. 2, 16: 344. 1868 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Leptosilene inaperta Fourr.

• =Muscipula Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon sér. 2, 16: 344. 1868 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Muscipula australis (L.) Fourr.

• =Petrosilene Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon sér. 2, 16: 344. 1868 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Petrosilene saxifragum (L.) Fourr.

• =Petrocoma Rupr. in Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 15(2): 200. 1869 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Petrocoma hoefftiana (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Rupr.

• =Anotites Greene in Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 97. 1904 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: not designated

• =Gastrocalyx Schischk. in Izv. Kavkazsk. Muz. 12: 200. 1919 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• ≡Schischkiniella Steenis in Blumea 15: 145. 1967 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Schischkiniella ampullata (Boiss.) Steenis

• =Charesia E.A.Busch in Trudy Bot. Muz. 19: 182. 1926 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
• Type: Charesia akinfijewii (Schmalh.) E.A.Busch

• =Sofianthe Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 97. 2001 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)

• =Neoussuria Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 34: 299. 2002 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)

Content

• Notes

Notes

Generic delimitation has been notoriously controversial (see Oxelman & Lidén 1995 for a review). Some authors have lumped all c. 850 species of the tribe Sileneae (except Agrostemma) in Silene (e.g., Greuter 1995), whereas Tzvelev (2001) recognized 23 genera in Europe alone. Molecular evidence clearly supports separation of Agrostemma, Eudianthe, Petrocoptis, Atocion, Viscaria and Heliosperma (e.g., Oxelman & Lidén 1995; Oxelman & al. 1997, 2001; Popp & Oxelman 2004; Frajman & al. 2009a, b; Greenberg & Donoghue 2011). However, monophyly of Silene, in the sense adopted here, is only rarely supported by individual gene trees. Several studies have identified two major clades (subg. Silene and subg. Behenantha, e.g., Oxelman & Lidén 1995; Oxelman & al. 1997, 2001; Eggens & al. 2007; Erixon & Oxelman 2008; Rautenberg & al. 2012; Aydin & al. 2014), but their relationship to Lychnis is ambiguous. Section Atocion Otth, a small group of annuals from the Eastern Mediterranean appears to be blurring the picture, possibly due to highly elevated substitution rates across the genome (Z. Aydin & al., unpubl. data).