Silene

Silene

Synonymy

Silene L., Sp. Pl. 1: 416. 1753, nom. cons., sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • ≡Viscago Zinn, Cat. Pl. Gott.: 188. 1757 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • ≡Kaleria Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 506. 1763 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • ≡Corone Hoffmanns ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 422. 1840 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • ≡Oncerum Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 255. 1867 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • =Cucubalus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 414. 1753 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • ≡Scribaea Borkh. in Rhein. Mag. 1: 591. 1793 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • =Oberna Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 255. 1763 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • ≡Behenantha (Otth) Schur in Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 15(2): 130. 1877 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • 1. Ikonn. 1976: – Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 11
  • =Lychnanthos S.G.Gmel. in Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 14(1): 525. 1770 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • =Lychnis sect. Physolychnis Benth., Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts.: 80. 1834 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • ≡Lychnis [unranked] Gastrolychnis Fenzl in Endl., Gen. Pl.: 974. 1840 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • ≡Gastrolychnis (Fenzl) Rchb., Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch: 206. 1841 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • ≡Wahlbergella Fries in Bot. Not. (1843): 143. 1843 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • ≡Physolychnis Rupr. in Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 14: 41. 1869 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • =Pleconax Raf., Autic. Bot.: 24. 1840 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • ≡Conosilene (Rohrb.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon sér. 2, 16: 344. 1868 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • =Silenanthe Griseb. & Schenk in Archiv für Naturgeschichte 18: 300. 1852 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • =Carpophora Klotzsch, Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar [Klotzsch & Garcke]: 139, t. 32. 1862 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • =Anotites Greene in Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 97. 1904 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
    • Type: not designated
  • =Gastrocalyx Schischk. in Izv. Kavkazsk. Muz. 12: 200. 1919 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • ≡Schischkiniella Steenis in Blumea 15: 145. 1967 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • =Sofianthe Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 97. 2001 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)
  • =Neoussuria Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 34: 299. 2002 syn. sec. Oxelman & al. (2001)

Content

Notes

This circumscription, including around twenty species, is strongly supported as monophyletic (e.g., Popp & al. 2008, Greenberg & Donoghue 2011) with the African Uebelinia nested within. However, its relationships to Silene are not fully resolved (see under Silene). Generic delimitation has been notoriously controversial (see Oxelman & Lidén 1995 for a review). Some authors have lumped all c. 850 species of the tribe Sileneae (except Agrostemma) in Silene (e.g., Greuter 1995), whereas Tzvelev (2001) recognized 23 genera in Europe alone. Molecular evidence clearly supports separation of Agrostemma, Eudianthe, Petrocoptis, Atocion, Viscaria and Heliosperma (e.g., Oxelman & Lidén 1995; Oxelman & al. 1997, 2001; Popp & Oxelman 2004; Frajman & al. 2009a, b; Greenberg & Donoghue 2011). However, monophyly of Silene, in the sense adopted here, is only rarely supported by individual gene trees. Several studies have identified two major clades (subg. Silene and subg. Behenantha, e.g., Oxelman & Lidén 1995; Oxelman & al. 1997, 2001; Eggens & al. 2007; Erixon & Oxelman 2008; Rautenberg & al. 2012; Aydin & al. 2014), but their relationship to Lychnis is ambiguous. Section Atocion Otth, a small group of annuals from the Eastern Mediterranean appears to be blurring the picture, possibly due to highly elevated substitution rates across the genome (Z. Aydin & al., unpubl. data).