Nepenthes mirabilis
Synonymy
Nepenthes mirabilis, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles: 637. 1916 sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001086539
- ≡Phyllamphora mirabilis, Fl. Cochin. 2: 606. 1790 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001086541
- ≡Nepenthes phyllamphora, Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 4(2): 874. 1806 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001086540
- Vietnam, near Hue, J. de Loureiro s.n. (P)
- =Nepenthes moluccensis, Allg. Naturgesch. 3(2): 1368. 1841 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381557
- =Nepenthes fimbriata in Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 7. 1852 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381932
- Borneo, Pulau Lampei, P.W. Korthals s.n. (L)
- =Nepenthes fimbriata var. leptostachya in Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 8. 1852 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001302547
- Borneo, C. L. Blume s.n. (L)
- =Nepenthes macrostachya in Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 7. 1852 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-00003815301
- =Nepenthes phyllamphora var. platyphylla in Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 7. 1852 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-00013026062
- =Nepenthes kennedyana, Fragm. 5(pt. 37): 154. 1866 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000382031
- Australia, [Queensland, Cape York, near Somerset] "Ad oppidulum Somerset juxta promontorium Cape York"., J. Jardine s.n. (MEL)
- =Nepenthes echinostoma in de Candolle, Prodr. 17: 95. 1873 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001262286
- ≡Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma in Mal. Nat. J. 46: 81, f. 2. 1992 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001262285
- Borneo, Sarawak, Kuching, O. Beccari 121 (FI, K)
- =Nepenthes phyllamphora var. macrantha in de Candolle, Prodr. 17: 97. 1873 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001302604
- Borneo, Sarawak, O. Beccari s.n. (FI)
- =Nepenthes bernaysii in Proc. Linn. Soc. NSW 5: 185. 1881 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000382387
- Australia, Queensland, Cape York at Bowden Park, Haskett or Beddome s.n. (BRI)
- =Nepenthes obrieniana in Ill. Hort. 37: 109, t. 66 (as ‘o’brieniana’). 1890 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-00003815713
- =Nepenthes jardinei in Qld. Agric. J. 1(3): 230, t. s.n. 1897 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000382034
- Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n. (BRI)
- =Nepenthes rowanae in Qld. Agric. J. 1(3): 231, t. s.n. 1897 [Named in honour of [Mariam] Ellis Rowan (1848-1922), an outstanding botanical illustrator of Australasian plants.D]. syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381466
- Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n. (BRI accession no. AQ#278790)
- =Nepenthes albolineata in Qld. Agric. J. 3(5): 355, t. 58 (as ‘albo-lineata’). 1898 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000382377
- Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n. (BRI)
- =Nepenthes alicae in Qld. Agric. J. 3(5): 356, t. 60. 1898 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000382376
- Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n. (BRI)
- =Nepenthes moorei in Qld. Agric. J. 3(5): 355, t. 59. 1898 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381556
- Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n. (BRI)
- =Nepenthes cholmondeleyi in Qld. Agric. J. 7(5): 441, t. 59. 1900 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381939
- Australia, Queensland, 5 miles S Jardine River, Cholmondeley Jardine s.n. (BRI)
- =Nepenthes armbrustae in Qld. Agric. J. 16(2): 191, t. 3. 1905 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000382384
- Australia, Queensland, Coen, Armbrust s.n. (BRI)
- =Nepenthes garrawayae in Qld. Agric. J. 16(2): 191, t. 4. 1905 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381928
- Australia, Queensland, between York Downs & Weipa, Garraway s.n. (BRI)
- =Nepenthes pascoensis in Qld. Agric. J. 16(2): 190, t. 2. 1905 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381565
- Australia, Queensland, Head of Pascoe River, Garraway s.n. (BRI)
- =Nepenthes tubulosa in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 111 (Heft 36): 60. 1908 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381998
- Unknown type category: Moluccas, P. Gebe, Aug 1871, Teijsmann 6759 (BO)
- =Nepenthes phyllamphora var. pediculata in Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 5: 52. 1910 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001302605
- Unknown type category: Laos, Champasak Prov., Sémoun Basin, Harmand 47 (P)
- =Nepenthes mirabilis var. biflora in Mal. Nat. J. 46: 80, f. 1. 1992 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001302589
- Unknown type category: Sarawak, 7th Div., Kp. Bawang, alt. 10 m, 6 Feb 1987, J. H. Adam 1065 (UKMS)
Other sources
Tamin, R. & Hotta, M. 1986 – In: Hotta, M., Diversity and Dynamics of Plant Life in Sumatra. – Kyoto: Sumatra Nature Study (Botany), Kyoto University. p 88
Jebb, M. H. P. 1991: An account of Nepenthes in New Guinea. – Science in New Guinea 17: 7-54. 32, f. 16
Kurata, S. 1976: Nepenthes of Mt Kinabalu, Sabah. – Sabah National Parks Trustees, Kota Kinabalu. p 56
Adam, J. H. & Wilcock, C.C. 1998: – Sarawak Mus. J. 50: 75-77. p 160
Merrill, E. D. 1917: Interpr. p 242
Danser, B. H. 1928: – Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 9. p 330
Phillipps, A. & Lamb, A.L. 1996: Pitcher Plants of Borneo. 109, f. 57
Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma: Phillipps, A. & Lamb, A.L. 1996: Pitcher Plants of Borneo (as Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma)
Adam, J. H. & Wilcock, C.C. 1992: – Mal. Nat. J. 46. p 76
Nepenthes echinostoma: Macfarlane, J. M. 1908: pp. 1-92. – In: Engler, A., Pflanzenreich IV. 111 (Heft 36). p 70 (as Nepenthes echinostoma)
Clarke, C. M. 1997: Nepenthes of Borneo. – Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications. 105, f. 70 & 71
Description
Terrestrial shrub or climber to 10 m tall. Climbing stems terete, 6-10(-14) mm diam., internodes 1.5-10 cm long, axillary buds inconspicuous. Leaves thinly chartaceous, rarely membranous or thickly chartaceous, petiolate, leaves of rosettes and short stems lanceolate or oblong, apex acuminate, not peltate, margin fimbriate, fimbriae c. 2 mm long, petiole base sheathing, leaves of climbing stems broader, obovate, oblong or lanceolate, (15-)20-40 by 4-10 cm, apex acute, margin entire, petiole canaliculate, rarely slightly winged, 3-20 cm long, clasping the stem by 1/2 its circumference. Longitudinal nerves originating from along the midrib, 4-8 on each side of the midrib, scattered throughout lamina, conspicuous. Pennate nerves numerous, curving towards margin, to almost perpendicular, forming distinct rectangles with longitudinal nerves, conspicuous. Lower pitchers ovoid in lower half, cylindrical in upper half, 8-20 by 2.5-4(-5) cm, with 2 fringed wings 2-3 mm wide, 1.5-2.5 mm long, c. 1.5 mm apart; mouth elliptic or broadly ovate, slightly oblique, straight; peristome slightly to conspicuously flattened, 2-8(-20) mm broad, ribs c. 0.25 mm apart, conspicuous (var. echinostoma with ribs free, attached only at base, each ridge forming a tooth c. 30 by 1-2 mm with an apical nectar gland), outer edge of peristome entire, inner lacking conspicuous teeth; lid held close to the mouth, elliptic, rarely orbicular, 1.8-2.8 by 1.4-2 cm, apex rounded or slightly retuse, base rounded or truncate, very slightly vaulted, with 2 prominent veins above, lower surface lacking appendages, but often with a slight pucker on the midline, c. 1/8 from apex, nectar glands dense, evenly spread, orbicular, thinly-bordered to volcano-like, 0.15-0.2 mm, smallest towards margin, larger and slightly longitudinally elliptic, 0.25 mm long, along midline; spur flattened, 4-5 by 1 mm, entire or rarely divided into 3 or more branches. Upper pitchers gradually originating from tendril, wholly subcylindrical and slightly laterally flattened, or slightly infundibuliform at base, cylindrical above, with distinct ‘hipped’ point 1/3-1/2 from the base, 12-20 by 2.5-4 cm, with 2 ridges; mouth, peristome and lid more or less as lower pitcher; spur usually entire, dorsiventrally flattened, 4-5 by 1-1.5 mm, apex rounded. Male inflorescence scented of mice droppings, 24-41(-50) by 2(-3.5) cm; peduncle 8-12 (-15) cm long, 2-3(-4) mm diam. at base; partial peduncles 1-flowered (rarely 2-flowered); bracts absent; pedicels c. 14 mm long; tepals broadly elliptic, (2-)4-4.5(-6) by (2-) 3.5-4(-4.5) mm; androphore (2-)2.5-3(-5) mm long; anther head 1-1.5 by 1.5-2 mm. Indumentum usually inconspicuous, of fine white stellate or sparingly branched, crinkled, sometimes with arachnoid hairs 1-3 mm long, soon falling and usually only visible on youngest growth and inflorescence, androphore glabrous; sessile red glands 0.1 mm diam. present on stem; scattered nectar glands present on stem. Colour of pitchers green, rarely streaked or wholly suffused with red.A
Notes
3. The peristome of western populations is usually flattened and extends well beyond the pitcher wall. In eastern populations it is more rounded.A
2. In 19th century literature, N. mirabilis was known under the name N. phyllamphora due to Willdenow’s incorrect combination of Loureiro’s Phyllamphora mirabilis. In 1916, both Druce and Merrill made the correct combination, the former having priority by a few months (see synonymy above).A
4. The variety echinostoma is one of the most striking aberrations, with long peristome teeth developing from the inner peristome. Large populations of this variety are said to exist in Sarawak, but herbarium material is very scanty.A
1. The most widespread species of the genus, N. mirabilis can be encountered with almost all lowland species. It is variable, but unique in having a fimbriate margin to the leaves of rosettes and short stems. These fimbriae are not trichomes, but attenuated extensions of the leaf. Other distinctive characters of N. mirabilis are the numerous longitudinal nerves scattered throughout the leaf blade, the sericeous, dorsiventrally flattened spur with a rounded apex, the elliptic to orbicular lid held close to the mouth, the usually flattened peristome, and the subcylindrical often laterally flattened upper pitcher.A
Distribution (General)
Thailand and Indochina to Micronesia (Palau) and Australia. Malesia: throughout except northern Philippines (Luzon and Palawan) and the eastern Nusa Tengarras (E Java, Bali to Lombok).A
Specimens
Country | Date | Collector + collecting number | Herbaria | Type | Scan | Derivatives | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aug 1871 | Teijsmann 6759 | BO | ![]() | ||||
Citation: Moluccas, P. Gebe, Aug 1871, Teijsmann 6759 Specimen summary: BO Unknown type category of Nepenthes tubulosa Macfarl. | |||||||
6 Feb 1987 | Adam, J. H. 1065 | UKMS | ![]() | ||||
Citation: Sarawak, 7th Div., Kp. Bawang, alt. 10 m, 6 Feb 1987, J. H. Adam 1065 Specimen summary: UKMS Unknown type category of Nepenthes mirabilis var. biflora J.H.Adam & Wilcock | |||||||
Beccari, O. s.n. | FI | ![]() | |||||
Citation: Borneo, Sarawak, O. Beccari s.n. Specimen summary: FI Type for: Nepenthes phyllamphora var. macrantha Hook.f. | |||||||
Jardine s.n. | BRI | ![]() | |||||
Citation: Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes alicae F.M.Bailey | |||||||
de Loureiro, J. s.n. | P | ![]() | |||||
Citation: Vietnam, near Hue, J. de Loureiro s.n. Specimen summary: P Type for: Phyllamphora mirabilis Lour. Nepenthes phyllamphora Willd. Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce | |||||||
Beccari, O. 121 | FI, K | ![]() | |||||
Citation: Borneo, Sarawak, Kuching, O. Beccari 121 Specimen summary: FI Type for: Nepenthes echinostoma Hook.f. Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma J.H.Adam & Wilcock Specimen summary: K Type for: Nepenthes echinostoma Hook.f. Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma J.H.Adam & Wilcock | |||||||
Jardine s.n. | BRI | ![]() | |||||
Citation: Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes moorei F.M.Bailey | |||||||
Jardine s.n. | BRI | ![]() | |||||
Citation: Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes jardinei F.M.Bailey | |||||||
Garraway s.n. | BRI | ![]() | |||||
Citation: Australia, Queensland, between York Downs & Weipa, Garraway s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes garrawayae F.M.Bailey | |||||||
Armbrust s.n. | BRI | ![]() | |||||
Citation: Australia, Queensland, Coen, Armbrust s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes armbrustae F.M.Bailey | |||||||
Cholmondeley Jardine s.n. | BRI | ![]() | |||||
Citation: Australia, Queensland, 5 miles S Jardine River, Cholmondeley Jardine s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes cholmondeleyi F.M.Bailey | |||||||
Jardine s.n. | BRI | ![]() | |||||
Citation: Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n. (BRI AQ#278790) Specimen summary: BRI AQ#278790 Type for: Nepenthes rowanae F.M.Bailey | |||||||
Korthals, P. W. s.n. | L | ![]() | |||||
Citation: Borneo, Pulau Lampei, P.W. Korthals s.n. Specimen summary: L Type for: Nepenthes fimbriata Blume | |||||||
Blume, C. L. s.n. | L | ![]() | |||||
Citation: Borneo, C. L. Blume s.n. Specimen summary: L Type for: Nepenthes fimbriata var. leptostachya Blume | |||||||
Australia | Jardine, J. s.n. | MEL | ![]() | ||||
Citation: Australia, [Queensland, Cape York, near Somerset] "Ad oppidulum Somerset juxta promontorium Cape York"., J. Jardine s.n. Specimen summary: MEL Type for: Nepenthes kennedyi Benth. Nepenthes kennedyana F.Muell. | |||||||
Garraway s.n. | BRI | ![]() | |||||
Citation: Australia, Queensland, Head of Pascoe River, Garraway s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes pascoensis F.M.Bailey | |||||||
Haskett or Beddome s.n. | BRI | ![]() | |||||
Citation: Australia, Queensland, Cape York at Bowden Park, Haskett or Beddome s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes bernaysii F.M.Bailey | |||||||
Jardine s.n. | BRI | ![]() | |||||
Citation: Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes albolineata F.M.Bailey | |||||||
Harmand 47 | P | ![]() | |||||
Citation: Laos, Champasak Prov., Sémoun Basin, Harmand 47 Specimen summary: P Unknown type category of Nepenthes phyllamphora var. pediculata Lecomte |