Nepenthes mirabilis

Warning message

This concept of the taxon Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles: 637. 1916 wfo-0001086539 is not contained as an accepted taxon in the currently chosen classification, but in this one: Flora Malesiana concepts

Nepenthes mirabilis

Synonymy

Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles: 637. 1916 sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001086539

≡Phyllamphora mirabilis Lour., Fl. Cochin. 2: 606. 1790 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001086541
≡Nepenthes phyllamphora Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 4(2): 874. 1806 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001086540

Vietnam, near Hue, J. de Loureiro s.n.

(

P

)

=Cantharifera Rumph. in Amb. 5: 121, f. 2, t. 59. 1750 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001

=Nepenthes moluccensis Oken, Allg. Naturgesch. 3(2): 1368. 1841 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381557

=Nepenthes fimbriata Blume in Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 7. 1852 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381932

Borneo, Pulau Lampei, P.W. Korthals s.n.

(

L

)

=Nepenthes fimbriata var. leptostachya Blume in Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 8. 1852 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001302547

Borneo, C. L. Blume s.n.

(

L

)

=Nepenthes macrostachya Blume in Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 7. 1852 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-00003815301

1. Type: Sumatra, Bencoolen, not located

=Nepenthes phyllamphora var. platyphylla Blume in Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 7. 1852 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-00013026062

2. Type: Blume s.n. (L. n.v.) Java, Bantam, not located

=Nepenthes kennedyana F.Muell., Fragm. 5(pt. 37): 154. 1866 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000382031

Australia, [Queensland, Cape York, near Somerset] "Ad oppidulum Somerset juxta promontorium Cape York"., J. Jardine s.n.

(

MEL

)

=Nepenthes echinostoma Hook.f. in de Candolle, Prodr. 17: 95. 1873 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001262286
≡Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma J.H.Adam & Wilcock in Mal. Nat. J. 46: 81, f. 2. 1992 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001262285

Borneo, Sarawak, Kuching, O. Beccari 121

(

FI

,

K

)

=Nepenthes phyllamphora var. macrantha Hook.f. in de Candolle, Prodr. 17: 97. 1873 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001302604

Borneo, Sarawak, O. Beccari s.n.

(

FI

)

=Nepenthes bernaysii F.M.Bailey in Proc. Linn. Soc. NSW 5: 185. 1881 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000382387

Australia, Queensland, Cape York at Bowden Park, Haskett or Beddome s.n.

(

BRI

)

=Nepenthes obrieniana Linden & Rodigas in Ill. Hort. 37: 109, t. 66 (as ‘o’brieniana’). 1890 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-00003815713

3. Type: ?Borneo, not located

=Nepenthes jardinei F.M.Bailey in Qld. Agric. J. 1(3): 230, t. s.n. 1897 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000382034

Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n.

(

BRI

)

=Nepenthes rowanae F.M.Bailey in Qld. Agric. J. 1(3): 231, t. s.n. 1897 [Named in honour of [Mariam] Ellis Rowan (1848-1922), an outstanding botanical illustrator of Australasian plants.D]. syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381466

Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n.

(

BRI accession no. AQ#278790

)

=Nepenthes albolineata F.M.Bailey in Qld. Agric. J. 3(5): 355, t. 58 (as ‘albo-lineata’). 1898 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000382377

Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n.

(

BRI

)

=Nepenthes alicae F.M.Bailey in Qld. Agric. J. 3(5): 356, t. 60. 1898 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000382376

Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n.

(

BRI

)

=Nepenthes moorei F.M.Bailey in Qld. Agric. J. 3(5): 355, t. 59. 1898 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381556

Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n.

(

BRI

)

=Nepenthes cholmondeleyi F.M.Bailey in Qld. Agric. J. 7(5): 441, t. 59. 1900 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381939

Australia, Queensland, 5 miles S Jardine River, Cholmondeley Jardine s.n.

(

BRI

)

=Nepenthes armbrustae F.M.Bailey in Qld. Agric. J. 16(2): 191, t. 3. 1905 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000382384

Australia, Queensland, Coen, Armbrust s.n.

(

BRI

)

=Nepenthes garrawayae F.M.Bailey in Qld. Agric. J. 16(2): 191, t. 4. 1905 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381928

Australia, Queensland, between York Downs & Weipa, Garraway s.n.

(

BRI

)

=Nepenthes pascoensis F.M.Bailey in Qld. Agric. J. 16(2): 190, t. 2. 1905 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381565

Australia, Queensland, Head of Pascoe River, Garraway s.n.

(

BRI

)

=Nepenthes tubulosa Macfarl. in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 111 (Heft 36): 60. 1908 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0000381998

Unknown type category

:

Moluccas, P. Gebe, Aug 1871, Teijsmann 6759

(

BO

)

=Nepenthes phyllamphora var. pediculata Lecomte in Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 5: 52. 1910 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001302605

Unknown type category

:

Laos, Champasak Prov., Sémoun Basin, Harmand 47

(

P

)

=Nepenthes mirabilis var. biflora J.H.Adam & Wilcock in Mal. Nat. J. 46: 80, f. 1. 1992 syn. sec. Cheek & Jebb 2001 wfo-0001302589

Unknown type category

:

Sarawak, 7th Div., Kp. Bawang, alt. 10 m, 6 Feb 1987, J. H. Adam 1065

(

UKMS

)

Content

Other sources

Tamin, R. & Hotta, M. 1986 – In: Hotta, M., Diversity and Dynamics of Plant Life in Sumatra. – Kyoto: Sumatra Nature Study (Botany), Kyoto University. p 88

Jebb, M. H. P. & Cheek, M. R. 1997: A skeletal revision of Nepenthes. – Blumea 42(1): 1-106. p 63

Jebb, M. H. P. 1991: An account of Nepenthes in New Guinea. – Science in New Guinea 17: 7-54. 32, f. 16

Kurata, S. 1976: Nepenthes of Mt Kinabalu, Sabah. – Sabah National Parks Trustees, Kota Kinabalu. p 56

Adam, J. H. & Wilcock, C.C. 1998: – Sarawak Mus. J. 50: 75-77. p 160

Merrill, E. D. 1917: Interpr. p 242

Danser, B. H. 1928: – Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 9. p 330

Phillipps, A. & Lamb, A.L. 1996: Pitcher Plants of Borneo. 109, f. 57

Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma J.H.Adam & Wilcock: Phillipps, A. & Lamb, A.L. 1996: Pitcher Plants of Borneo (as Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma J.H.Adam & Wilcock)

Adam, J. H. & Wilcock, C.C. 1992: – Mal. Nat. J. 46. p 76

Nepenthes echinostoma Hook.f.: Macfarlane, J. M. 1908: pp. 1-92. – In: Engler, A., Pflanzenreich IV. 111 (Heft 36). p 70 (as Nepenthes echinostoma Hook.f.)

Clarke, C. M. 1997: Nepenthes of Borneo. – Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications. 105, f. 70 & 71

Description

Terrestrial shrub or climber to 10 m tall. Climbing stems terete, 6-10(-14) mm diam., internodes 1.5-10 cm long, axillary buds inconspicuous. Leaves thinly chartaceous, rarely membranous or thickly chartaceous, petiolate, leaves of rosettes and short stems lanceolate or oblong, apex acuminate, not peltate, margin fimbriate, fimbriae c. 2 mm long, petiole base sheathing, leaves of climbing stems broader, obovate, oblong or lanceolate, (15-)20-40 by 4-10 cm, apex acute, margin entire, petiole canaliculate, rarely slightly winged, 3-20 cm long, clasping the stem by 1/2 its circumference. Longitudinal nerves originating from along the midrib, 4-8 on each side of the midrib, scattered throughout lamina, conspicuous. Pennate nerves numerous, curving towards margin, to almost perpendicular, forming distinct rectangles with longitudinal nerves, conspicuous. Lower pitchers ovoid in lower half, cylindrical in upper half, 8-20 by 2.5-4(-5) cm, with 2 fringed wings 2-3 mm wide, 1.5-2.5 mm long, c. 1.5 mm apart; mouth elliptic or broadly ovate, slightly oblique, straight; peristome slightly to conspicuously flattened, 2-8(-20) mm broad, ribs c. 0.25 mm apart, conspicuous (var. echinostoma with ribs free, attached only at base, each ridge forming a tooth c. 30 by 1-2 mm with an apical nectar gland), outer edge of peristome entire, inner lacking conspicuous teeth; lid held close to the mouth, elliptic, rarely orbicular, 1.8-2.8 by 1.4-2 cm, apex rounded or slightly retuse, base rounded or truncate, very slightly vaulted, with 2 prominent veins above, lower surface lacking appendages, but often with a slight pucker on the midline, c. 1/8 from apex, nectar glands dense, evenly spread, orbicular, thinly-bordered to volcano-like, 0.15-0.2 mm, smallest towards margin, larger and slightly longitudinally elliptic, 0.25 mm long, along midline; spur flattened, 4-5 by 1 mm, entire or rarely divided into 3 or more branches. Upper pitchers gradually originating from tendril, wholly subcylindrical and slightly laterally flattened, or slightly infundibuliform at base, cylindrical above, with distinct ‘hipped’ point 1/3-1/2 from the base, 12-20 by 2.5-4 cm, with 2 ridges; mouth, peristome and lid more or less as lower pitcher; spur usually entire, dorsiventrally flattened, 4-5 by 1-1.5 mm, apex rounded. Male inflorescence scented of mice droppings, 24-41(-50) by 2(-3.5) cm; peduncle 8-12 (-15) cm long, 2-3(-4) mm diam. at base; partial peduncles 1-flowered (rarely 2-flowered); bracts absent; pedicels c. 14 mm long; tepals broadly elliptic, (2-)4-4.5(-6) by (2-) 3.5-4(-4.5) mm; androphore (2-)2.5-3(-5) mm long; anther head 1-1.5 by 1.5-2 mm. Indumentum usually inconspicuous, of fine white stellate or sparingly branched, crinkled, sometimes with arachnoid hairs 1-3 mm long, soon falling and usually only visible on youngest growth and inflorescence, androphore glabrous; sessile red glands 0.1 mm diam. present on stem; scattered nectar glands present on stem. Colour of pitchers green, rarely streaked or wholly suffused with red.A

Notes

3. The peristome of western populations is usually flattened and extends well beyond the pitcher wall. In eastern populations it is more rounded.A

2. In 19th century literature, N. mirabilis was known under the name N. phyllamphora due to Willdenow’s incorrect combination of Loureiro’s Phyllamphora mirabilis. In 1916, both Druce and Merrill made the correct combination, the former having priority by a few months (see synonymy above).A

4. The variety echinostoma is one of the most striking aberrations, with long peristome teeth developing from the inner peristome. Large populations of this variety are said to exist in Sarawak, but herbarium material is very scanty.A

1. The most widespread species of the genus, N. mirabilis can be encountered with almost all lowland species. It is variable, but unique in having a fimbriate margin to the leaves of rosettes and short stems. These fimbriae are not trichomes, but attenuated extensions of the leaf. Other distinctive characters of N. mirabilis are the numerous longitudinal nerves scattered throughout the leaf blade, the sericeous, dorsiventrally flattened spur with a rounded apex, the elliptic to orbicular lid held close to the mouth, the usually flattened peristome, and the subcylindrical often laterally flattened upper pitcher.A

N. beccariana Macfarl. was included by Cheek and Jebb (2001) in the synonymy of this Taxon, but they had not seen the type. A revision of the type specimen by Schlauer & Nepi (2000) concluded that it was a distinct taxon, which was confirmed by Clarke (2001). B,C

Distribution (General)

Thailand and Indochina to Micronesia (Palau) and Australia. Malesia: throughout except northern Philippines (Luzon and Palawan) and the eastern Nusa Tengarras (E Java, Bali to Lombok).A

Bibliography

A. Cheek, M. R. & Jebb, M. H. P. 2001: Flora Malesiana - Nepenthaceae, Series I, Volume 15. – Leiden: Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch

B. Clarke, C. M. 2001: Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. – Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications

C. Schlauer, J. & Nepi, C. 2000: Notes on Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) II: lectotypification of names based on material in the Herbarium Beccarianum (FI). – Webbia 55(1): 1-5

Specimens

	Country	Date	Collector + collecting number	Herbaria	Type	Scan	Derivatives
		Aug 1871	Teijsmann 6759	BO
	Citation: Moluccas, P. Gebe, Aug 1871, Teijsmann 6759 Specimen summary: BO Unknown type category of Nepenthes tubulosa Macfarl.
		6 Feb 1987	Adam, J. H. 1065	UKMS
	Citation: Sarawak, 7th Div., Kp. Bawang, alt. 10 m, 6 Feb 1987, J. H. Adam 1065 Specimen summary: UKMS Unknown type category of Nepenthes mirabilis var. biflora J.H.Adam & Wilcock
			Beccari, O. s.n.	FI
	Citation: Borneo, Sarawak, O. Beccari s.n. Specimen summary: FI Type for: Nepenthes phyllamphora var. macrantha Hook.f.
			Jardine s.n.	BRI
	Citation: Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes alicae F.M.Bailey
			de Loureiro, J. s.n.	P
	Citation: Vietnam, near Hue, J. de Loureiro s.n. Specimen summary: P Type for: Phyllamphora mirabilis Lour. Nepenthes phyllamphora Willd. Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce
			Beccari, O. 121	FI, K
	Citation: Borneo, Sarawak, Kuching, O. Beccari 121 Specimen summary: FI Type for: Nepenthes echinostoma Hook.f. Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma J.H.Adam & Wilcock Specimen summary: K Type for: Nepenthes echinostoma Hook.f. Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma J.H.Adam & Wilcock
			Jardine s.n.	BRI
	Citation: Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes moorei F.M.Bailey
			Jardine s.n.	BRI
	Citation: Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes jardinei F.M.Bailey
			Garraway s.n.	BRI
	Citation: Australia, Queensland, between York Downs & Weipa, Garraway s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes garrawayae F.M.Bailey
			Armbrust s.n.	BRI
	Citation: Australia, Queensland, Coen, Armbrust s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes armbrustae F.M.Bailey
			Cholmondeley Jardine s.n.	BRI
	Citation: Australia, Queensland, 5 miles S Jardine River, Cholmondeley Jardine s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes cholmondeleyi F.M.Bailey
			Jardine s.n.	BRI
	Citation: Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n. (BRI AQ#278790) Specimen summary: BRI AQ#278790 Type for: Nepenthes rowanae F.M.Bailey
			Korthals, P. W. s.n.	L
	Citation: Borneo, Pulau Lampei, P.W. Korthals s.n. Specimen summary: L Type for: Nepenthes fimbriata Blume
			Blume, C. L. s.n.	L
	Citation: Borneo, C. L. Blume s.n. Specimen summary: L Type for: Nepenthes fimbriata var. leptostachya Blume
	Australia		Jardine, J. s.n.	MEL
	Citation: Australia, [Queensland, Cape York, near Somerset] "Ad oppidulum Somerset juxta promontorium Cape York"., J. Jardine s.n. Specimen summary: MEL Type for: Nepenthes kennedyi Benth. Nepenthes kennedyana F.Muell.
			Garraway s.n.	BRI
	Citation: Australia, Queensland, Head of Pascoe River, Garraway s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes pascoensis F.M.Bailey
			Haskett or Beddome s.n.	BRI
	Citation: Australia, Queensland, Cape York at Bowden Park, Haskett or Beddome s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes bernaysii F.M.Bailey
			Jardine s.n.	BRI
	Citation: Australia, Queensland, Somerset, Jardine s.n. Specimen summary: BRI Type for: Nepenthes albolineata F.M.Bailey
			Harmand 47	P
	Citation: Laos, Champasak Prov., Sémoun Basin, Harmand 47 Specimen summary: P Unknown type category of Nepenthes phyllamphora var. pediculata Lecomte