1.Kühn, U. 1993: Chenopodiaceae, pp. 253-281. – In: Kubitzki, K., Rohwer, J.G. & Bittrich, V. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants 2. – Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer
The small Eurasian genus Spinacia is supported as monophyletic and sister to Blitum, both genera belonging to the tribe Anserineae Dumort. (Fuentes-Bazán & al. 2012a).